1. Understanding Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages
A fraction represents a part of a whole. For example, if a bread loaf is cut into 4 equal slices and you eat 1 slice, you have eaten 1/4 of the bread.
Converting Fractions to Percentages:
To change 3/5 into a percentage, multiply by 100%:
(3 ÷ 5) × 100% = 3 × 20% = 60%.
To change 3/5 into a percentage, multiply by 100%:
(3 ÷ 5) × 100% = 3 × 20% = 60%.
2. Perimeter and Area of Shapes
- Perimeter: The total distance all the way around the outside of a shape. Simply add all side lengths together.
- Area of a Rectangle: The space inside a flat shape. Calculated as Length × Width.
- Area of a Triangle: Calculated as 1/2 × Base × Height.
Worked Example (Area of a Triangle):
Question: A triangle has a base of 8 cm and a height of 5 cm. Find its area.
Solution: Area = 1/2 × 8 cm × 5 cm = 4 × 5 = 20 cm2.
Question: A triangle has a base of 8 cm and a height of 5 cm. Find its area.
Solution: Area = 1/2 × 8 cm × 5 cm = 4 × 5 = 20 cm2.
3. Introduction to Simple Algebra
Algebra uses letters to represent missing numbers. For instance, if \(x + 4 = 10\), we ask: "What number added to 4 gives 10?" The answer is 6, so \(x = 6\).
4. Simple Interest & Money Calculations
Simple Interest formula: Interest = (Principal × Rate × Time) ÷ 100.